Abstract
Kidneys are a vital organ that filter out waste, balance fluids and minerals, keep your blood pressure in check, and even help make red blood cells. Healthy kidneys filter roughly half a cup of blood every minute, removing waste and excess water to produce urine. This urine travels from the kidneys to the bladder through two thin muscular tubes called ureters, one on each side. The bladder stores the urine until it’s expelled. Together, the kidneys, ureters, and bladder make up the urinary tract. But when their normal function gets impaired, they manifest into various kinds of diseases like kidney injury, kidney stones, hydronephrosis etc. which all come under a broader term ‘Kidney Diseases’. Kidney diseases pose a significant public health challenge in India, with prevalence among individuals aged 15 and above increasing from 11.2% during 2011-2017 to 16.38% in 2018-2023. Let’s discuss it in detail.

Introduction
The kidneys are two bean-shaped wonders tucked beneath your ribs, quietly working around the clock. They filter out waste, balance fluids and minerals, and keep your system running smoothly. Beyond cleaning, they regulate blood pressure, boost red blood cell production, and even support strong bones- small organs with a mighty impact. When the kidneys lose their ability to function efficiently, affecting blood filtration and the regulation of fluids, electrolytes, and waste, it may appear suddenly as an acute problem or develop gradually into a chronic disorder, often without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. And then the person is said to be suffering from Kidney Disease. Kidney disease is an umbrella term for all the disorders of kidneys. These may include:
- Acute Conditions - Acute Kidney Injury, Acute Pyelonephritis.
- Chronic Conditions - Chronic Kidney Disease, Polycystic Kidney Disease.
- Infections & Inflammation - Glomerulonephritis, Interstitial Nephritis.
- Structural/Obstructive Disorders - Kidney Stones, Hydronephrosis.
- Others - Nephrotic Syndrome, Kidney Cancer.
Kidney disease affects daily life through strict dietary restrictions and complex medication schedules. In advanced stages, dialysis or transplant may be required, often disrupting routines and adding financial strain. Patients commonly face fatigue, reduced activity, sleep disturbances, and social withdrawal. The condition also leads to psychological challenges such as anxiety, depression, and social anxiety. Family members bear added responsibilities, altered roles, and emotional stress, intensifying the overall burden.
Causes Of Kidney Diseases
- Deposition of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in the glomeruli.
- Long-term use of pain-relieving (analgesic) medications.
- Xanthine oxidase deficiency.
- Toxic effects of chemotherapy drugs.
- Excessive alcohol consumption.
- Prolonged exposure to lead and its compounds.
Chronic Conditions Leading To Nephropathy
- Systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Diabetes mellitus - Leading to diabetic nephropathy.
- Hypertension (high blood pressure) - Leading to hypertensive nephropathy.
Symptoms
- Disturbed sleep
- Dry and itchy skin
- Poor appetite
- Muscle cramping
- High blood pressure
- Shortness of breath
- Anemia
- Urinating more frequently or less urine output
- Blood in urine
- Foamy urine
- Persistent puffiness around eyes
- Swollen ankles and feet
- Less Energy or Fatigue
- Emotional challenges like depression, anxiety, or feelings of isolation
Diagnosis
Kidney disease is diagnosed using blood and urine tests, imaging, and sometimes a kidney biopsy to evaluate function, detect damage, and identify the cause.
- Blood Tests: Measure kidney function through Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Cystatin C test, creatinine, and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels are checked. Low GFR or high waste levels indicate impaired function.
- Urine Tests: Urinalysis and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) detect protein, blood, or early kidney damage. Nephrin test is done to detect damage in podocytes and impaired kidney function.
- Imaging: Ultrasound, CT, or MRI assess kidney size, structure, and abnormalities.
- Kidney Biopsy: A small tissue sample may be examined to determine cause and severity.
Treatment
A combination of lifestyle modifications, medications to cure symptoms help in managing the diseases of kidneys. In severe cases, kidney dialysis or a transplant may be required.
Medications
- ACE inhibitors/ARBs - Ramipril, Lisinopril, Azilsartan and Eprosartan.
- Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin slow the progression of kidney disease.
- Statins: Rosuvastatin, Atorvastatin for cardio-renal protection.
- Daprodustat or epoetin alfa to curb anemia.
Dialysis
- Hemodialysis - A machine filters waste and excess fluid from the blood.
- Peritoneal dialysis - A cleansing solution is introduced into the abdominal cavity to filter waste.
Kidney Transplant
When kidneys no longer function properly, this becomes the last resort but it still does not guarantee that the kidneys will function properly.
Ayurvedic Overview
स्रोतोमयं हि शरीरम्।
This shloka (Sanskrit text) says that the living body functions as an extensive, interconnected network of micro and macro channels called Srotas.
The next shloka tells us about the Mula (Root) of our Mutravaha Srotas (Channels carrying urine). Mutravaha Srotas are the channels responsible for urine formation and excretion.
It means, they originate from the basti and vankshana, which include the pelvic region, encompassing the kidneys and urinary bladder.
Based on this, we may say that Ayurveda sees Kidney diseases as Dushti (Vitiation) in Mutravaha Srotas (Channels carrying urine). Now, what are the causes of Mutravaha Srotas vitiation? Interfering with the natural urge to urinate- by delaying it or engaging in other activities can strain these channels, leading to urinary disorders. People who are already physically weakened, such as those with chronic illness or injury, are more susceptible to complications when these natural functions are neglected. These causative factors disturb our Doshas and cause vitiation in Mutravaha Srotas (Channels carrying urine), manifesting as kidney diseases. Patients experience symptoms like Bahumutrarta (Excessive formation of urine), Mutrakrichta (Dysuria), Mutraghaat (Obstruction of urine), Mutralpata (Less urine formation), Rakta mutrata (Blood in urine), increased frequency of micturition, foamy urine and patients complain of Sashoolamutrata (Pain during micturition). Ashmari (Kidney stones) may also be seen in patients.
According to Ayurveda, treatment principles to be followed here are the ones used in treating Mutrakricha Vyadhi (Dysuria). Some classical formulations that can be used are Punarnavadi Mishrak Sneha, Shataryadi Kwath, Ervarubeejadi Churna, Vyoshadi Churna. Some herbs that are extremely beneficial in relieving the symptoms of Mutravaha Srotas diseases are Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris), Pashanbheda (Bergenia ligulata), Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa) and Varuna (Crataeva nurvala). Uttar Basti (Medicated Retention Enema through the Urethra) made from Madhur Rasa (Sweet tasting) herbs, milk can be used as well.
Dietary Habits And Lifestyle Modifications
- Follow Diet - Light, easily digestible foods. Use mild herbs/spices like ginger and black pepper. Eat small, frequent meals.
- Avoid Diet - Excess salt, heavy, oily, or fried items, and excessive protein. Dry and unctuous food is to be avoided as well. Fruits like kharjura, kapittha, jambu, bisa and food with astringent taste are not good.
- Water Intake - Stay adequately hydrated with warm water. Do not consume large amounts of water to avoid swelling or water retention.
- Physical Exercise - Avoid high intensity exercises.
- Yogasana - Setu Bandhasana (Bridge Pose), Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose) improves blood circulation and are helpful in kidney diseases.
Herbal Remedies For Kidney Disease By Planet Ayurveda
Planet Ayurveda is a well-loved herbal brand that brings the wisdom of Ayurveda to everyday health. Their products are made from pure herbs and designed to support immunity, manage chronic conditions, and boost overall wellness. With a wide range of powders, capsules, and decoctions, Planet Ayurveda makes it easy to care for your health the natural way. We have a Revive Kidneys Pack for people dealing with kidney diseases.
Revive Kidneys Pack
It contains:
- Mutrakrichantak Churna
- Rencure Formula
- Varunadi Vati
- Punarnava Mandur
- Chandanadi Vati
Product Description
1. Mutrakrichantak Churna
This herbal powder contains Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris), Bhumiamla (Phyllanthus niruri), and Varun (Crataeva nurvala) as key ingredients. They pacify Vata and Kapha doshas, support urinary health, and have kidney-protective action. Gokshura is a wonderful diuretic, especially beneficial in kidney disorders.
Dosage: 1 Teaspoonful twice daily with warm water.
2. Rencure Formula
These capsules contain herbs like Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa), Varun (Crataeva nurvala), Gokshur (Tribulus terrestris), Palaash (Butea monosperma), and Kasni (Cichorium intybus). Together they help balance Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas, flush out toxins, and support kidney function.
Dosage: 2 Capsules twice daily with warm water after meals.
3. Varunadi Vati
These tablets are made from potent herbs like Varun (Crataeva nurvala) and Guggul (Commiphora mukul). Both balance Vata and Kapha doshas and promote detoxification, smooth urine flow, and overall kidney health.
Dosage: 2 Tablets thrice daily with warm water after meals.
4. Punarnava Mandur
These tablets contain Mandoor Bhasma (Ferric oxide calx), Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa), and Amalki (Emblica officinalis). They balance Vata and Kapha doshas and help manage anemia in kidney patients.
Dosage: 2 Tablets thrice daily with warm water after meals.
5. Chandanadi Vati
These tablets include Safed Chandan (Santalum album), Gandhabiroja (Rosa damascena), and Kattha (Acacia catechu). These Pitta-pacifying herbs relieve inflammation and burning sensations in the urinary tract.
Dosage: 2 Tablets twice daily with warm water after meals.
Conclusion
Kidneys play a vital role in filtering blood, balancing fluids, and maintaining overall health. Kidney disease can develop suddenly or gradually, causing urinary changes, fatigue, swelling, and emotional stress. Modern management includes medications, dialysis, or transplant, while Ayurvedic treatment focuses on balancing Mutravaha Srotas (channels carrying urine) using herbs that support kidney function and remove toxins. Supporting kidney health through a proper diet, hydration, gentle exercise, and yoga improves outcomes and overall well-being. Planet Ayurveda provides holistic and natural treatment that helps kidneys heal and function efficiently.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Is A Type 5 Kidney Disease?
Stage 5 CKD, also called end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), means the kidneys have nearly or completely lost their function. It is defined by a GFR below 15 for at least three months or when the patient requires dialysis.
How Many Kidney Diseases Are There?
There is no single, universally accepted count of kidney disease types, as the term covers a broad spectrum of conditions that affect kidney function.
Is Hepatitis A Kidney Disease?
No, hepatitis itself is not a kidney disease — it is liver inflammation. However, if untreated, it can lead to CKD, and some dialysis patients may contract hepatitis, linking the two conditions.
What Can Be Mistaken For Kidney Disease?
The main symptom of kidney stones is intense abdominal or lower back pain. This pain can often be mistaken for appendicitis or general back issues when patients seek medical care.
How Long Can I Live With Stage 5 Kidney Disease?
People with stage 5 kidney disease on dialysis typically have a life expectancy of 5–10 years, though many live 20–30 years or longer.
Is Dialysis Lifetime?
Dialysis may be temporary for patients with acute kidney injury but is often lifelong for those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) unless they undergo a kidney transplant.
How To Avoid Kidney Disease?
Preventing kidney disease involves managing risk factors like blood pressure, diabetes, and weight while maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Stay hydrated, eat a balanced diet, avoid smoking and excess alcohol, and use medications responsibly under your doctor’s guidance.